The Province of Kurdestan with the area of 28,817 square kilometers is located in the west of Iran. According to the latest country's divisions in 1996, the townships of Kurdestan are: Baneh, Bijar, Divandareh, Saqez, Sanandaj, Qorveh, Kamyaran and Marivan. Sanandaj is the center of this province. This province is a mountainous region located in the mountainside or scattered plains of the Zagross Mountains. Kurdestan is limited to the north by WestAzarbayjan and Zanjan, on the east by Hamedan

and Zanjan and on the south by the Province of Kermanshah and it is neighboring Iraq from the west.
The population of this province in 1996 was about 1.3 million out of which 52.4 percent settled in the urban areas and 47.6 percent were the rural settlers.Error processing SSI file

Kurdestan is generally located in the northwest mountainous temperate zone of Iran. The maximum rainfall is in the western part of this province, being about 800 mm. per year and the least amount of rainfall is in the eastern part being about 400 mm. per year. All parts of this province have a cool and temperate climate in spring and summer.
The comparison between the figures of the average temperature in different months of the year in the center of this province shows that the daily average temperature in month of April is 16.1° C and in October is 16.9° C. So, at six months of the year in the center of this province is the best and most suitable period for tourism. The coldest month of the year in Sanandaj is the month February with temperature of at least -1° C.Error processing SSI file

The history of Kurdestan before Islam is not much clear. The Kurds are of the Aryan race who migrated to this place several thousand years before the birth of Christ. In the years 16-20 A.H., the Arabs possessed castles and fortifications of the Kurds. The conquest of the cities of 'Zoor' and 'Aradbaz' took place in the year 22 A.H. In 23 A.H. when the Arabs conquered the Fars states in Iran, the Kurds defended the city of Fasa. Abu Moosa Ash'ari suppressed the revolt of the Kurds in the year 25 A.H.
In the year 90 A.H. the Kurds of Fars revolted but Hajaj Ebne Yousef Saqafi suppressed them. In 224 A.H., one of the leaders of the Kurds in Mousel city revolted against the Caliph Al Mo'tasam who sent the famous commander 'Aitakh' to combat against him. In this war Aitakh proved victorious and killed many of the Kurds. In 281 A.H., during the period of Almoqtadar, the Kurds revolted again. In the fourth and fifth century, the family of 'Shadadyan' who were Kurds formed an independent rule in the region. In 359 A.H. Azedodoleh Deilami broke out with the Kurds of Mousel and after conquering them, he destroyed their castles and killed the commanders.
One of the important events during the period of Sharafodoval Deilami (372-379 A.H.) is his battle with 'Badr Ben Hasnaviyeh' in Kermanshah in 377 A.H. that lead to the victory of Badr. Badr Ben Hasnaviyeh' was killed by one of the Kurd tribes in 405 A.H. and Shamsodoleh, the son of Fakhrodoleh Deilami attached all of his possessions to his own realm.
The cities of Kurdestan were exposed to plunder during the Mongol attack, and at the time of Teimoor and Turkmans of Qareh Qoyonlu and Aq Qoyonlu , Kurdestan became the battle scene of Teimoor's army. Shah Esmail I, founder of Safavid dynasty, did not have a good relationship with the Kurds as they differed in religious beliefs. On the other hand, Ottoman rulers tried to gain a hold.
When Zand dynasty was formed, the Kurds took hold of the government for the first time in Iran. In 1941 at the time of the occupation of Iran by the allies, and support of the Russian government by them, Qazi Mohammad formed the Peoples Republic of Kurdestan but this republic disintegrated after the evacuation of the allies from Iran and the dispatch of forces by the central government to Azarbayjan and Kurdestan.
Today Kurdestan is one of the important and strategic provinces of Iran and is flourishing. From the cultural point of view, Kurdestan Province proves to be interesting in respect to other parts. Language, music, dance, poetry or even traditions, in this extensive region of Iran form an exceptional grounding from ancient periods. The Kurdish language can be categorized under the Indo-European group, with a distinctive grammatical form. This language has various branches in Iran, such as the Orami, which is a dialect with extremely archaic and historical roots. In addition to which is the Sorami branch, being the more important and dominant of the two, in respect to the Kurdish language. However, the Kermanshahi branch is outstanding in the territory of Kermanshah.Error processing SSI file

The township of Baneh is in the extreme western part of this province and is the neighborhood of Iraq. This township is bounded on north and west by West Azarbayjan in the east by Saqez and in the south by Iraq. Its center being the city of Baneh located 728 km. from Tehran. Baneh is covered with forests and is full of various trees. In the pre-Islamic period, a Zoroastrian tribe named "Qeh Qoo" governed this area, but after the Arab invasion, 'Ekhtiar Diniha' took over the rule. Till the mid 13th century the actual name of the city of Baneh was Behrojeh.
But now the cemetery in the north east of the city is called "Kohneh Baneh" A change in the city's location is due to a massacre resulting from cholera, plaque, fire and tribal combats. The city of Baneh is located in the altitudes and its route is on a gradient.Error processing SSI file

The township of Bijar is located in the north east of the province and it is restricted from the north to the Provinces of Zanjan and West Azarbayjan; from the east to the provinces of Zanjan and Hamedan; from the south to the township of Qorveh and from the west to the township of Sanandaj. Its center is Bijar which is at a distance of 518 km. from Tehran. Bijar is one of the fertile areas of Kurdestan. Its climate in winter is cold and dry and is moderate in summer. In the Kurdish language the willow tree is called 'Bi' and the area of such trees is called 'Bijar.' Thus because of abundance of willow trees, it means the region of willows.Error processing SSI file

The same is one of the new townships of this province as before it was part of Sanandaj Township. This township is located to the north of Sanandaj and is a mountainous region. It is bounded in the north by West Azarbayjan in the east by Bijar and in the west by Saqez. The city of Divandareh is located at a distance of 95 km. north of Sanandaj. Divandareh has developed from a village to a city in the last decade.Error processing SSI file

The said is one of the latest founded townships of the province, prior to which it was part of the township of Sanandaj. This township is located in the north of Sanandaj and is in a mountainous region. This township is bounded in the north by Sanandaj, in the east by Qorveh and Kermanshah Province in the south by Kermanshah and in the northwest by the township of Marivan. It is located 65 km. from Sanandaj. This township has a pleasant climate in spring and autumn. The general cultural distinctions in this region are similar to other sectors of the province.Error processing SSI file

The township of Marivan is located in the west of Iran and in the neighborhood of Iraq. It is bounded on north by Saqez, in the south by Kamyaran and Kermanshah, and in the west by Iraq. Marivan is a cold region and is a century old. Farhad Mirza Qajar who governed just before the constitutional movement constructed a castle in Marivan. This border city was in the neighborhood of the Ottoman government.
Nasseredin Shah ordered a castle to be built there in 1282 A.H. In 1286 A.H., Haj Farhad Mo'tamed-o-Doleh further fortified the structure and named it Shah Abad. After Haj Mohammad Ali Khan Zafar-ol-Molk in the early Pahlavi era built a castle in Moosk Village that is now used as a garrison and it is not far from the city. The Zarivar Lake is to the west of the city of Marivan and has given a special beauty to this city, in addition to being a recreational area.Error processing SSI file

The township of Qorveh is located to the east of the province. It is restricted from east to the Hamedan Province from the north to Bijar, from south to Hamedan and Kermanshah and from west to Sanandaj. Its center is the city of Qorveh which is located in a large plain 93 km. east of Sanandaj and northwest of Hamadan and has expanded in the direction of the Sanandaj road towards Hamadan. In the past the seat of rule of this city was the Qaslan Village. Here the governor of the times was responsible for the construction of some buildings, a castle, mosque, bath, garden and large groves.
Today, due to its distinctive geological characteristics, and mineral water springs, visitors and tourists are attracted to this city.Error processing SSI file

This township is located in the center of the Kurdestan Province. It is limited to Divandareh from the north and to Kamyaran from the south, to the east are Bijar and Qorveh, and to the west are the townships of Marivan and Saqez. Sanandaj is the provincial capital of Kurdestan and lies at a distance of 500 km. from Tehran . This city has a beautiful natural environment and pleasant climate especially in autumn and spring.
Soleiman Khan Ardalan the governor of Kurdestan constructed the Sahneh Dej (castle) during the Shah Safi period (1038-1052 A.H.). In the past, there was the Seer city instead of present Sanandaj. Sanandaj was under the control of the Ardalan household for duration of four centuries. The said are descendant of the Sassanids. In the war between Iran and Ottomans in Safavid period, this family sometimes sided with Iran and sometimes the Ottomans. In 1146 A.H., Karim Khan Zand destroyed Sanandaj.
After a period of chaos, Khosrow Khan Ardalan took over the power. From 1214 to 1240 A.H. Emam Allah Khan, son of Khosrow Khan governed in Sanandaj and to some extent he worked for the sake of improvement of Sanandaj. In 1284 A.H. due to the dissatisfaction of the inhabitants, Haj Mirza Mo'tamed-o-Doleh the uncle of Nasseredin Shah governed in Kurdestan till the year 1291 A.H. Nowadays Sanandaj is one of the beautiful townships of Iran and Kurdestan Province.Error processing SSI file

The township of Saqez is located in the north west of the Province. To the north is the Province of West Azarbayjan (Mahabad and Bukan). This township is limited from west to the township of Baneh, from the south to Iraq and Marivan and from the east to Sanandaj. The capital of this township is Saqez city and lies at a distance of 706 km. from Tehran and 181 km. from Sanandaj. This township in spring and summer has a cool and moderate climate.
This city during the primary union of the Medes was their capital and was named "Izirta". On the attack of Sargan II, the ruler of the Assyrian, the Medes were defended and their fortifications destroyed. Thereafter, the Sekaha tried to rebuild this city and they chose Saqez, then named "Eskit" as their capital. The present name of Saqez is derived from the Sekeh (Seka-Eskit-Sakez) tribe. The city of Saqez was formerly in the southwestern plain of the present city and today it is reputedly known as old Saqez. Saqez city is located in the skirts of the attitudes and a river runs through it. It is one of the most beautiful areas in Kurdestan Province.Error processing SSI file

This building is located in Sanandaj and is one of the famous buildings of the Qajar period. The same was constructed during the period of Amanolah Khan. It has a flag-stone yard, pool, bath, hall and an area for public prayers. This place is the most interesting part of the building. It has unique tile works and plasterwork on the walls. These adornments are the skilled efforts of craftsmen from Esfahan. Materials utilized in the building are gypsum, lime, clay and mortar.Error processing SSI file

This building, located 3 km. from Sanandaj, is a memorial of the reputed Amanollah Khan. Its construction is related to the beginning of the Qajar period and it was a seat of government. This aggregation has been built in the form of internal and external sections, with a beautiful garden between the two. The external building has two stairs and its entrance door is in the form of octagonal vestibule. There are two sentry chambers on either side. This building is made of brick and stone and it has beautiful plaster and mirror work.Error processing SSI file

This building is located on Shohada Street of Sanandaj and it is one of the famous buildings of the Qajar era. This building has seven courtyards and seven fountains and it also comprises of private, general, formal and hygienic sections. Its doors and sash-windows (Orsi) are of a mixture of wood and colored panes, the same have adorned the rooms.Error processing SSI file

This building is one of the historical monuments of the Kurdestan Province. The same has been converted into the Sanandaj Museum. This building was constructed in late Nasseredin Shah Qajar period. The method and style of its construction was influenced by architecture of the Qajar era. The basement of this building has a pool and it has domed shaped ceiling is beautifully adorned. This building has been built of stone, brick and wood, with a gable roof. The most beautiful and interesting part of the building is the large sash-windows of the hall which has seven doors and is in itself a masterpiece of art.Error processing SSI file

The same is one of the old and noticeable buildings of the city of Sanandaj. This edifice is an ancestral and private building of the Vakil Family who were always held a seat of power in the history of Kurdestan. The main structure is related to the Zand period. Various sections were added to it in later periods. It underwent primary renovations in 1310 A.H. by Amanollah Khan Vakilol Molk, changing it into an aggregate comprising of several buildings, yard and the present garden. This building has still retained its fortifications.Error processing SSI file

The same is located 8 km. south of Sanandaj and was a seat of government. It was constructed during the Safavid period by Helu Khan. At present only its ruins have remained.Error processing SSI file

The same is located at a distance of 12 km. from the Qamechoqay village of Bijar, and to the north of the Bijar - Takab Road. This archaic castle can be accounted for as a matchless one in the province, and dates to the 9th or 8th centuries B.C. To the west of this structure, there is an area, a hundred meters in depth that adjoins the western platform of the castle by a difficult path. The founders of this construction, in this sector have committed a feat in constructing ramparts with a length of approximately 100 m. and to a height of 15-20 m.
The same has been built of large stones, causing an additional fortification. This style of architecture, being the general trend of the times is related to the first millennium B.C. On the northern fringes of the castle, there is a crevice skillfully sculptured. Whereas in the northeast, is a long flight of stairs that have witnessed three periods of settlement named as, the Medes, Arsacides and Parthian. During the Mongol period, a small altar with four steps was constructed which is also another interesting remnant. The construction of sun-baked brick dwelling and so too brick ones, in the eastern limits and on the Sassanid structures are yet a typical Mongol characteristic.Error processing SSI file

This castle is located 42 km. north east of Saqez, and to the west of the Karaftoo Village and in an ancient region. It was just by chance discovered in 1947. Articles found in this castle, reveal the progressive civilization of this region. One of the most famous discoveries is big gold necklace with mythical animal embossments on it. These remnants are related to the year 900 B.C.Error processing SSI file

The Qeshlaq Bridge lies on the Qeshlaq River, 3 km. east of Sanandaj. This bridge is constructed with brick, and is related to the Safavid period. It has two big openings and 4 small springs. The width of the bridge is about 5.80 m. and its length is about 90 m. On the two sides of the base pillars there are water breakers, both in a circular and triangular form. Two inscriptions of the Qajar period stand on the main structure revealing the date of construction as 1148 A.H. The second bears the date of its repair, that is 1334 A.H.Error processing SSI file

This bridge was constructed on the Qeshlaq River 8 km. north of Sanandaj and is one of the relics of the Safavid period. Its length is about 53.5 m. and its width is about 5.3 m. It has 6 openings, of which 3 have diagonal shaped arches, whereas the remaining are curved ones. The bridge has been constructed of stone and brick.Error processing SSI file

The same is located in a village by the same name, 25 km. northeast of Qorveh. An Imamzadeh is also situated there and is a pilgrimage site for the inhabitants. In this vicinity a few mineral water springs are present.Error processing SSI file

The said hill was originally a castle, located 42 km. northeast of Saqez. In 1946 Ayub Ranbu obtained legal permission for archaeological activities in the vicinity of Zivieh. During these excavations which prolonged over a period of 12 years, in addition to 6 tombs related to the sovereigns and commanders of the Medes, another vestige was discovered.
This was a glorious structure in three floors, beautiful though archaic and a master piece of architecture of its times. The structure with its unique fortifications, was constructed on an elevation and upon the vast cave of Zivieh, which itself is 1,835 m. above sea level. This was the very first court of justice of ancient Iran, constructed by the Medes for "Diakoo".
The walls of this structure are of special sculptured stone, whilst the foundation was of brick and was constructed according to exact and accurate measures of geometrical and mathematical scale. This construction had a porch with 12 columns of stone including two doors also of stone. The water requirement of the same was secured by a spring located on a mountain near Zivieh.Error processing SSI file

The historical hillocks of Karreh si, Arandan and Cheno in Sanandaj; the ancient hillocks of Aiyni Soor and Najaf Abad in Saqez; the renounced hillocks of Sarv Abad, Negel and the two eastern and western hillocks of Marivan; the historical city of Salavat Abad on the banks of the Qezel Ozan River and the historical city of Adamrodeh.Error processing SSI file

The same is located in Zinaneh Mountain of Oramanat - Marivan and it is carved in the shape of a crescent. Inside the false arch, there is an embossment of a human figure 2.5 meters in length and 30 meters in width. Special engravings are carved on the upper part of this impression. There is also another inscription in this vicinity in Cuneiform script that probably is related to the late 2nd millennium B.C. and the beginning of the1st millennium B.C.Error processing SSI file

This is an old bath from the Qajar period in the Qaslan Village of Qorveh at a distance of 10 km. from Qorveh and east of Serish Abad. The internal architectural features of the bath, tile-work and other parts are noticeable. In addition to which there is an Imamzadeh and mineral water spring of Baba Gorgor which bears special importance regarding tourism.Error processing SSI file

From other historical relics of Kurdestan mention can be made of the Sanandaj bazaar and Asef bazaar of Sanandaj. They were constructed according to the architectural style of the Safavid period and considered valuable in this respect.
Other ancient bazaars of this province are: Sheikh Tajavanchi and Ardalan in Saqez and covered Orami bazaar in Marivan.Error processing SSI file

This historical tower is located in the western sector of Arabshah Village about 40 km. south of Bijar close to the Hamedan - Bijar Road. The form, materials, and the type of dome reveal that this is a relic of the 5th and 6th century A.H. This tower is called Babashah, and according to a gypsum tablet, Ali Ashraf had been its founder in 1322 A.H. This brick tower is related to the Saljuqi period.Error processing SSI file

One of the attractive and historical relics of Sanandaj is the Asef house. This ancient house dates back to about 130 years ago, and is located in the city center. Its plaster work and sash windows even though archaic spell a special beauty, in addition to its mode of architecture, sculptured stone and arches. Another feature of the edifice is the huge bath located in a large courtyard, and is well worth mentioning.Error processing SSI file

In latest surveys, a rampart of a dyke related to the Parthian and Sassanid eras was discovered in the village of Show. The same was constructed of slabs of stone and mortar and is 4 m. in thickness and 10 m. in length.Error processing SSI file

The same is also the Jame' Mosque of Sanandaj, and was constructed by the late Amanollah Khan in the year 1227 A.H. Besides being well fortified, this mosque has a large nocturnal area. On an epigraph in this vicinity holy verses of Qoran have been inscribed. The mosque has two colossal porches. Around its courtyard are 12 chambers and 2 attics. In the center of the yard is a pool constructed of eight slabs of stone.Error processing SSI file

Hajar Khtoon is the sibling of Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.). Its tomb is located in Taleqani Avenue (Sanandaj), near the Hajar Khatoon Mosque. This pilgrimage site has two courtyards, a relatively large mosque and a small sepulcher. Public mourning ceremonies are held on the site in special religious dates.Error processing SSI file

Other ancient mosques of the province are: the Darolaman Jame' Mosque (Sanandaj), Khosrow Abad Jame' Mosque (Bijar), Do Minareh Mosque (Saqez), Jame' Mosque of the Qajar era (Sanandaj), Sorkh Mosque (Marivan), Abdollah Omran Mosque (Marivan), Saqez Jame' Mosque (Saqez).Error processing SSI file

Imamzadeh Abdollah is a descendant of Imam Hadi (P.B.U.H.). This place is an ancient structure located in the city of Sanandaj in Salaheddin Aiyoobi Avenue.Error processing SSI file

The same is situated in the village of Baba Gorgor. It is reputedly known as Baveh Gorgor, besides the name Seyed Jamaladdin Moosa-al-Reza. In this vicinity there is a limestone spring. This has brought about certain encrustation, the most famous of which is known as Dragon. The said spring water spurts out of various crevices in the vicinity and is bitter and salty in taste. It is useful for the treatment of skin disorders. There is also a well nearby. The aggregate of this Imamzadeh is a valuable area as a tourist spot in Kurdestan Province.Error processing SSI file

The said tomb is located in Imam Khomeini Avenue (Sanandaj) and is reputedly known by the above-mentioned name. Close to this was a small school, the premises of which were expanded in the year 1297 A.H., when a number of chambers were added to it. There are different theories as to whom the tomb belongs to, but is one of the popular pilgrimage sites of the province.Error processing SSI file

This is the tomb of the offspring of Mirza Beik, the governor of Shah Tahmasb Safavid era. According to the religious beliefs he got his nephew to marry his daughter and thus gave over his reigns of rule in Baneh to his son-in-low. The tomb of Soleiman Beik is 3 km. west of Baneh, and on his tombstone the date of 1010 A.H. is the date of demise.Error processing SSI file

The same is located 10 km. to the north of Sanandaj in mountain valleys of the "Sateleh and Tirgara" region. The length of the dam lake is 11 km. and it extends for about 934 hectares. Considering its height and volume of water, it is a suitable place for water sports. More over this lake is a suitable breeding area for a variety of fish. The verdant area with its surrounding forests is an attractive sight of the city, providing facilities for boating and water sports.Error processing SSI file

The Zarivar Lake is the most important and unique attraction in the west. This lake is situated at an altitude of 1,285 m. from sea level, and its width and length being 2 and 4.5 km. respectively. It has sweet water and the activity of springs at the bottom of the lake supplies its water. The location of the city of Marivan and the Zarivar Lake bounded in different directions by dense and partly dense forests creates a very beautiful view. On a small hill in the eastern part there is a tourist guesthouse.Error processing SSI file

Vegetation coverings specially forests are of the most important and beautiful natural features and one of the unique attractions for tourism in every region. Forests of Kurdestan Province are part of the forests of the western sector of the country which are second in importance to the forests of the north. These are about 320,000 hectares in area. The main parts of these forests are in the west part of the province and run from north to south. Baneh and Marivan are located in this area. The famed trees of Baneh and Marivan are species such as: Persian turpentine tree, oak, walnut, pear, apple, cherry, willow, and manna trees are present in the fringes of the rivers. These regions are pleasant with beautiful views for recreational purposes thus supplying potential facilities for development of tourism. Forest areas of the province are:

Within the limits of the township of Baneh, there are two plains, Tal and Shoey. The Tal Plain is 1,800 hectares and the area of the Shoey Plain is about 2,000 hectares. In the former the Seedsarem and Zarivan Rivers flow, finally flowing into the Galvi River in Shoey Plain and Nejoo Rivers and joining the Galvi River. In this area a variety of vegetation can be found and accordingly in summer and spring it has fresh, green landscape and in autumn is very beautiful.Error processing SSI file

The area of the forests of Baneh is about 50,000 hectares. The western skirts of the Gardaneh Khan Mountains are the eastern boundary of the forests of Baneh Township. From this region towards the west, alike the Marivan forest, the trees grow dense and verdant.Error processing SSI file

The area of this plain is 62,700 hectares and its height from sea level is 1,800 meters. This plain has a rich soil and noticeable verdant vegetation covering. Its landscape is beautiful in spring.Error processing SSI file

This plain is located in the Kamyaran Township and it's divided in two parts: The southern part which is located in the Province of Kermanshah and its northern sector in the Cheqabraleh Village (10 km. south of Kamyaran). The area of this plain is 17,370 hectares and its altitude from sea level is 1,400 meters and it is one of the most beautiful and attractive plains of the Kurdestan Province, specially from beautiful landscape point of view.Error processing SSI file

The forests of the region of Marivan which are about 185,000 hectares and their maximum expansion is from the Garan Gorge towards the west till the Sheikh Atar Village. The elevated western plains of the Zagross Mountains attract moisture bearing clouds of the Mediterranean, thereby supplying suitable conditions for the creation of forest covering.Error processing SSI file

The area of this plain is 58,400 hectares and its height from sea level is 1,800 m. This plain is located in the Qorveh Township, and the Cham Shoor River runs here.Error processing SSI file

These forests are situated mostly to the west of Kamyaran and south of Sanandaj, with an area of about 78,000 hectares.

In the limits of the township of Saqez, there are several plains, of which the most important are the Saheb, Qeh la Koon, Leh Garmee and Kool Tappeh. The same covers about 700 hectares of this township and is 1,650 m. above sea level n an average. Some of these plains in the spring and summer seasons are green with wild flowers and have a very attractive view.Error processing SSI file

The area of the forests of Saqez is about 7,000 hectares. The same is located between Bukan and Saqez, on the skirts of the steep slopes, along the north-south route. This area is suitable for producing types of fast growing trees, which attracts attention from the recreational point of view.Error processing SSI file

Other plains of the Kurdestan Province are: Kamesan plain with an area of 1,500 hectares, Amir Abad plain with an area of 6,000 hectares in Kamyaran Township, and Bijar plain with an area of 53,000 hectares in Bijar.Error processing SSI file

A diversity in climatic conditions, abundance of surface water resources, and suitable vegetation bring about a substantial ground for the presence of wildlife species, native and migrant birds, as well a species of fish. In addition to which, Kurdestan Province is renounced for its various hunting grounds, which amount to 34 in all according to reports of the Department of the Environment (Kurdestan Provincial Directorate). Wildlife species in the lower altitudes are bear, hyena, jackal, wolf, fox, weasel, sable and badger. Wildlife in the mountainous region and higher elevations includes wild goat, wild sheep, leopard, mountain goat and the bear. In this province there are various species of endemic and migratory birds present. The most important of which are the partridge, dull yellow partridge, eagle, pigeon, and dove, which account for the endemic birds. Other species of birds are named as, wood pecker, lark, starling, ring-dove, carrion - crow, hoopoe, gull, raven, crow and parrot.Error processing SSI file

Peaks and summits of the province can be taken advantage of as recreational areas. The western ranges run parallel, covering large sectors of the province, forming natural boundaries. Elevated glaciers, springs, suitable forests covering on the slopes of the mountainous areas, especially areas near the cities in the south of the province attract hordes of visitors. The important mountains of the Kurdestan Province are:

This mountain is the highest in the north of the Zagross Mountain Ranges, and is 3,173 m. high and located 53 km. southeast of Saqez. The Shoorqi, Chehel Cheshmeh, Kalleh Bad and Cham Jaqtoo Rivers acquire their sources from these altitudes. Also great number of rivers, gushing out from slopes of this mountain and have given special beauty to it. Considering its beautiful nature, it has recreational potentials.Error processing SSI file

The same is located 17 km. south of Qorveh and to the south of the village of Majid Abad. It is 3,042 m. in height. It joins the Bir Mountain (3.250 m) in the right and the Parishan Mountain on the east. It is one of the highest mountains of Qorveh. The northern slopes of this mountain overlook the township of Qorveh, and its southern skirts the township of Saqez. It is located on the fringes of the Zagross Mountain. The Sang Sefid Mountain being 2,822 m. in height is situated in the east and Darvazeh Mountain with 3,162 m. height is in the north of the Jein Bek Mountain.Error processing SSI file

This mountain with a height of 2,946 m. is located 30 km. south west of Sanandaj. The beautiful village of Shian with its wonderful landscape, especially in summer and spring is located to the east of this mountain. The Do Pardan and Cham Hesli and Avihang Rivers take their source from this mountain.Error processing SSI file

This mountain is one of the highest altitudes of Marivan. The same is located 40 km. southeast of Marivan and to the west of the Mianeh Village. It is 2,670 m. in height. The Sang Sour Mountain with an altitude of 2,080 m. joins it in the north.Error processing SSI file

This mountain is in the semi forests altitude of the Zagross Mountains. It is 2,951 m. in height. It is located 24 km. southeast of Marivan and to the east of the Almaneh Village. The Piazeh Mountain joins the Cheleh Khaneh Mountain on the east (2,705 m. in height), from north it joins the Shah Neshin and Kachgan Mountains (2,613 m. in height) and in the northwest it joins the Kanvalan Mountain (2,180 m. in height). Paths for walking, forests and mountaineering in these elevations, in respect to its natural beauties and landscapes of the Zagross slopes, is indeed worth attention.Error processing SSI file

The most important altitudes of the Kurdestan Province are: Mount Sheikh Ma'roof with an altitude of 2,895 m., Mount Panjeh Ali with an altitude of 2,860 m., Mount Kani Charmeh with an altitude of 2,840 m., Mount Halqeh Mir with an altitude of 2,880 m., Mount Takht with an altitude of 2,820 m., Mount Sanasareh with an altitude of 2,884 m., Mount Masjed Mirza with an altitude of 3,059 m., Mount Molla Kaveh with an altitude of 2,820 m., Mount Hoo Ali Daq with an altitude of 2,880 m., Mount Serajedin with an altitude of 2,836 m., Mount Charkhlan with an altitude of 3,330m. and Mount Havarbozeh with an altitude of 2,895 m.Error processing SSI file

This river is one of the main branches of the Sefid Rood River and originates from the Cheshmeh Mountains, elevations of the Hezar Kanian, springs of the eastern mountainous region of the Zagross located to the south, and west of the township of Divandareh. On entering the Province of Zanjan, it joins the Shahrood River in Loshan, forming the Sefid Rood River and flows to the Caspian Sea.
Qamchoqay and Ozan Dareh Rivers in Bijar and the Terval and Shour Rivers in the township of Qorveh are two important branches of Qezel Ozan in Kurdestan Province. The river valleys and fringes of this river are attractive inhabited with reputed species of fish.Error processing SSI file

The length of this river is less than Zarrineh Rood River and so is its water capacity. This river is well known as "Tatahoo" in Saqez taking its source from the Mangoor and Tarjan altitudes and finally flowing into the Orumieh Lake. The Chamkhaneh and Savojbolaq Rivers are the most important tributaries of this river.Error processing SSI file

This is the longest river in Kurdestan Province and its main branches are the Gavrood and Qeshlaq Rivers. The Gaveh Rood takes its source from the Kan Kabood Mountains of Saqez and Qeshlaq River from the Peer Mahmood Mountains. Its different branches just like the main venal system, from a deep valley in every direction.
On its course, a part of this river in its internal strip is near the border between Iran and Iraq, and is known as Dialeh here, flowing into the Persian Gulf. Its main tributaries are Gerdokaneh, Cham, Amir Abad Tangoor, Cham Gooreh, Cham Gerdakan, Zarivar, and Cham Qotvand. The bed and bank of this beautiful river is a natural habitat for different types of fish and birds and it is very suitable as a tourist attraction.Error processing SSI file

The same flows from the north to south direction, running from Kurdestan toward Lake Orumieh. Its main branch "Cham Saqez" (Chomeh) takes its source from the Gardaneh Khan Mountains east of Baneh. The "Khor Khoreh" River is its main branch which runs beside the city of Saqez and finally enters the Zarrineh Rood River. Its other branches are Sarooq and Mordi (Leila) and take their source from Takab and Sahand regions, entering the Zarrineh Rood.
The Zarrineh Rood, in Saqez is well known as the Jaqtoo River and after crossing the south of West Azarbayjan, it flows into the Orumieh Lake. The banks of this great river is one of the best naturally attractive areas from the point of tourism in this province, in addition to which this regions offers water sport facilities throughout the said area. The whole of it has capacity of using water sports such as fast water boating.Error processing SSI file

This spring is located 18 km. northeast of Qorveh. The water of this spring collects in a circular and deep pool. The same is a bicarbonate chloride type mixed with gas. Utilized for gastro- intestinal disorders, this spring draws the inhabitants as well as visitors to the area and is one of the important attractions here.Error processing SSI file

This spring is 50 km. northwest of Kamyaran and in the slopes of Govaz village. At the location of the spring the color of the water is off-white which indicates the presence of sulfur and iron. The same can be consumed, as well as being useful for the treatment of skin diseases, thereby being utilized for bathing purposes. This water is effective in curing respiratory diseases and rheumatism.Error processing SSI file

In the Qeshlaq Loo village, in the districts of the Bijar Township 30 km. west of Bijar there is a bitter mineral water spring. The same is en route from Bijar to Divandareh. It is useful for treatment of rheumatic disorders.Error processing SSI file

Other springs of the Kurdestan Province are: Sarab Bijar Spring, 1 km. south west of Bijar; Khavar Abad Spring, south east of Sarab Bijar, Sarab Qorveh Springs, 10 km. southwest of Qorveh city; Haft Asiab Spring in Sharif Abad Village, 22 km. north of Bijar in the Siyah Mansour Village; Sarab and Neysar Spring located 35 km. from Qorveh, en route of Hamedan - Qorveh Road, which is in the Chahar Doli plain of Qorveh, below the Kamar Zard Mountains; the Chomchaqay Springs 50 km. north of Bijar in the Siyah Mansoor Village of Bijar; the Ouraman, Matan and Jav Rood of Marivan Springs, enhanced with natural beauty attract attention.Error processing SSI file

The said is located in a castle by the same name between Divandareh and Saqez, 20 km. north of this route. This relic accounts for being a reputed and important one in the Province of Kurdestan. The cave structure is related to the Parthian era and about the 3rd century B.C. The dwellings of this cave, 2000 years ago were reputed temples of Heracles (the Grecian deity). In one of the chambers, the name of Heracletus is engraved in the Latin script, whereas, on one of the walls of the third chamber there is an impression of a rider hunting a deer.
This is a reminder of the victorious Goodarz the Parthian over the monarch of Armenia. Gaining access to this archaic temple proves difficult today because of its steep gradient. On entering the cave and crossing chambers of stone, there is a large area, connected by dark corridor to two pools of stone. In the third and fourth chambers there are other attractive impressions. In other parts of the cave there are remnants of corridor, porches, chambers of stone and outlets such as windows. Evidences prove that this cave is related to the eras of Mithraism and sun worshippers.Error processing SSI file

This cave is at a distance of 12 km. north of Baneh Township. Its length is 267 m. and internally it is alluvium. There is a small lake at the end of the cave.Error processing SSI file

The Province of Kurdestan has only one archaeological and anthropological museum. The said is in Salar Seyed Edifice in the city of Sanandaj. Various relics from the region of Kurdestan, as well as other parts of Iran are housed here. Besides public holidays and Mondays, the same is open to public throughout the week. The working hours in spring and summer are from 9-12 a.m. in morning and 4-7 p.m. in the afternoon, while in autumn and winter the working hours are from 8-12 a.m. in morning and 3-5 p.m. in the afternoon.Error processing SSI file

This village is located 47 km. southeast of Marivan and in the foothills. The Takht Oraman Mountains are in the south, the Mahdi Mountains in the north, and Mount Dalani in the northwest of this village. The Kalim Valley is located in the northeast of the village. Its climate is cold and semi-humid. The people speak Kurdish. The mountains, valleys, herbaceous covering and wildlife are counted as its attractions and natural elements.Error processing SSI file

This village is located 60 km. of Sanandaj - Marivan Road (28 km. from Sarv Abad of Sanandaj). The said village is famous for a volume of the Holy Qoran in the 'Kufic' script, which is kept in a safe in the mosque. This Qoran dates back to more than 1000 years. This wonderful religious artistic piece has changed this village and its mosque to a famous museum.Error processing SSI file

The same is located in an east-west valley on steep slope overlooking the northern front of the Takht Mountains 63 km. south of Marivan. The village houses are generally made of stone and stair like fashion, with beams covering the ceilings. These houses are arranged such that the roof of one house is the courtyard of the other. The climate of this region in spring and summer is very pleasant and it is very cold in winter. The Oramanat Takht Village is one of the attractive rural areas of Kurdestan which besides its panoramic views has valuable tourism capacities because of the annual performance of an ancient and wonderful ceremony of Peer Shahriar.
The inhabitant of this territory and their language is known as Hevarami. The Urami dialect is one of the famous Kurdish languages. Ancient fire temples, remnants of this region indicate that the inhabitants were Zoroastrians before converting to Islam.
The Sirvan River flows from the deep valleys of this region and enters Iraq. The border areas of the Sirvan River are called Ravar. Here the lands are covered with walnut, pomegranate, fig and mulberry trees. In spite of difficult climatic conditions the inhabitants abide by their traditions.
The tomb of Peer Shahriar Urami, writer of the book Acquaintance of Peer Shahriar is one of the creditable pilgrimage sites of the people, which was a Zoroastrian celestial before the advent of Islam. The inhabitants of the Uraman Takht are Sonni Muslims from the Shafei sect. From other sacred sites, mention can be made of the Oihang and Abdollahi mosques, the tomb of "Loskeh Hijij" which is highly respected by the people of this region and other people of Kurdestan.Error processing SSI file

The village of Salavat Abad or Naman is located 15 km. east of Sanandaj and the Salavat Abad River flows from the south. Altitudes such as Mount Kacheh Resh in the northeast, mount Lul in the north-east and Mount Gojeh in the east and southeast, have surrounded the village. Its climate is cold and semi dry and the language of people is Kurdish. In respect to its natural attractions, mention can be made of the rivers, mountains, gorges, lush vegetation and wildlife. An ancient bath and the mausoleum of Mowlana Seyed Ebrahim which is located in the village are important religious and historical attractions of this region.Error processing SSI file

At present, throughout the rural and urban regions of the province a great number of inhabitants are engaged in producing different handicraft articles. The most important of these are decorative or simple type of material used by Muslims during prayers known as Janamaz. Others are shawls, jajims (or a loosely woven woolen fabric), Gelims and rugs, types of carpets, engravings on wood, wooden chess boards. Besides which there are embroidery pieces, crochet articles, hand woven articles, givehs (local type of foot-ware), dairy products and different local sweets.Error processing SSI file

Kurdish music so to speak spells notes well intermingling with the life, culture, historical, music and religious beliefs of the people. The Hooreh or Ahoura melody is a distinct example of such music. Some of the musical instruments used are named as, the tambourine, drum, kettledrum and flute including others. The method and way of use of such musical instruments is different from one region in Kurdestan to the other but basically they follow the same style and methods. In joyous ceremonies such as weddings and festivities the delightful melodies of Kurdish music bring joy and happiness to guests and hosts.
The other type of Kurdish music is religious music which is performed in special religious ceremonies such as Eids. The way of performance of the Kurdish music and dances which has intermingled with tradition and believes of the people of this region is one of the main features considered in tourist industries.
The men perform dances mainly in groups, with rhythmic and proportionate movements. One of the well known local dances is known as "Jarmaq", which is performed even currently in the various tribes, cities and villages of Kurdestan. Mention must be made of the Sufi sect. They are a type of Dervish and during special ceremonies that are held in the monastery, they dance in rhythmic movements at first, until a frenzy trance takes over. These dances are performed during joyous events.Error processing SSI file