The Kermanshah Province with an area of 24,461 square kilometers is located in the west of the country. This province from the east is limited to the Hamedan Province, from the north to Kurdestan Province, from the west to Iraq and from the south to Ilam and Lurestan provinces. According to the latest divisions of the country in 1996, the townships of Kermanshah were Islam Abad Qarb, Paveh, Javan Rood, Sar Pol-e-Zahab, Sonqor, Sahneh, Qasr-e-Shirin, Kermanshah,

In accordance with its geographical location, the province has four climatic zones:
The mountainous temperate climatic zone in the western sector, covering part of the north and east of Paveh. This area enjoys cold winters and temperate summers.
The mountainous temperate climatic zone of the eastern Zagross with towns such as Kangavar, Harsin and parts of north-eastern Kermanshah with short winters and moderate summers.
The mountainous temperate zone of central Zagross with towns such as Islam Abad Qarb, Sar Pol-e-Zahab, Qasr-e-Shirin, and the south and southwest of Javan Rood is located in this area.
The semi-desert climatic zone of the western foothills of Zagross covering the southern parts of Gilan Qarb and having a temperate climate in winter and a warm and intolerable weather in summer. In overall from climatic point of view, the Kermanshah Province is divided into two regions one being the tropical zone in the west and the other the cold region in the rest of the zones.
The important winds of the Kermanshah Province consist of the western winds that transfer the relative humidity of the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean to the territory of this province and causing rainfall. This current blows more in winter and spring. The northern winds that blow in summer are effective in modifying the climate in part of the province and reducing the heat. The "Saam" or "Somoum" wind blows only in the frontier zone making the climate very hot and intolerable in summers and also causing damages.Error processing SSI file

The Goutic or Kasi migrants resided in the mountainous territory of the Zagross in the 3rd and fourth millennium B.C., ultimately occupying Mesopotamia. According to the Babylonian, Assyrian and Elamite inscriptions, tribes such as Lului, Gouti, Fayeri, Amouda and Parsovariz were settled in the skirts of the Zagross. The Luluis or Lalos (the ancestors of the Lors), in the past inhabited Zahab, Shahr-e-Zoor and Soleimaniyeh. It is for the first time, that "Medes" were mentioned in the attacks of the Assyrians to the jurisdiction of the current Kurdestan.
Therefore, it is understood that the Medes were present in the skirts of the Zagross as early as the first millennium B.C. Besides the Medes, there were other tribes such as Pars and Kurds in this region. The construction of the city of Kermanshah is related to Bahram Shah Sassanid, the governor of Kerman during his father's reign; hence it was named Kermanshah. The Arabs took hold of the same on their victory over the Iranians in the battle of Nahavand. In the 4th century A.H., a minor Kurdish dynasty, named as Hosnaviyeh gained independence in the western sector, and ruled for a period of about 50 years. The large castle of Sermaj, which was constructed near Dinvar, was considered as a seat of power and defense and burial of valuable treasures. In the year 441 A.H., Soltan Togrol Saljuqi dispatched a hundred soldiers to take possession of the Sermaj Castle, and captured it after a period of 4 years. During the Saljuqi era, Kermanshah was a thriving city and in order to confront Masoud Saljuqi, the Abbaside Caliph sent forces to this city. In the Mongol period, due to the attack of Helakoo to the city of Baqdad, the city of Kermanshah witnessed heavy damages. During the Teimoorid period, Kermanshah came under the realm of the Hamedan territory. In the 9th and 10th centuries A.H., the Ottomans repeatedly attacked Kermanshah.
According to narrations of foreign travelers of the times, Kermanshah was a thriving city with several caravansaries and bridges in the Safavid era. Especially due to the great attention paid by the Safavids to religious pilgrimages, and Kermanshah being en route to Karbala and Najaf, this city thrived to a great extent. During the reign of Nader, the ancient castle of the city was demolished and a new one was constructed. Karim Khan Zand captured the city and in the Qajar period, it came to be known as a center of the western sector and also a seat of government. The son of Fathali Shah, Mohammad Ali Mirza Dowlatshah confronted the Ottomans from this city, and alike other cities of the country, Kermanshah played an important role in the constitutional movement.
During the World War I and II, Kermanshah came under the control of foreign powers. Today, this province is a prosperous one, and its provincial capital is the city of Kermanshah. The said province is of the Kurd residing territory of Iran and the Kurdish language has a close tie with the Persian language here, besides being similar grammatically too. The Kurdish language has various dialects, the most outstanding of which are named as, Kalhori, Urami, Sourani (Jafi), Laki and Farsi. The people of the province are of the Aryan race, and their religious beliefs play a vital part in the culture adapted by them. Great poets and writers have arisen from this region.Error processing SSI file

Gilan Qarb is located to the west of the province near Ilam and enjoys a temperate climate. Gilan Qarb is located 660 km. from Tehran. The level plain of Gilan Qarb is situated on the west of the Kalhor Mountain ands. Its lands are irrigated by Gilan Qarb River as well as several other local rivers. The ruins of the ancient Gilan Village are situated on southern end on the Kermanshah - Baqdad route. Upon the nearby hill, there is a square castle with trenches in the corners. In Gilan Hill, a number of large bricks of the Babylonian style have been discovered. In the same area there is a large fire-temple of the Parthian period was known as the God of hunting that are attributed to Hercules.Error processing SSI file

Harsin is one of the southeastern townships of Kermanshah and enjoys a temperate climate. Harsin is one of the ancient areas of Kermanshah. In this area there are relics belonging to the Sassanid period, also an engraved tablet in the mountain, stony pond, stony arched ceilings, stony stairway, castle and other works have remained.
The historical record of Harsin is linked with that of Kermanshah. A reputed historian has mentioned the name of Harsin in his records during the rule of Shah Sultan Khodabandehloo during the war between the Ottoman and Iranian soldiers. In the Qajar period, the leadership of this area was given to Aminoroaya and his offspring. This area in recent years has changed into an independent township. Harsin is one of the southeastern cities of Kermanshah Province and is at a distance of 23 km. to the Kermanshah - Tehran Road and at a distance of 566 km. from Tehran.Error processing SSI file

Islam Abad Qarb is one of the townships of the Kermanshah Province and has a temperate climate. This township is at a distance of 589 km. from Tehran. Primarily, the name of Islam Abad, was "Mendeli" and after the Arab invasion, one of the Arab commanders put an extreme effort for its flourishment and its development. Thus it became to be known as "Haroun Abad".
In 1930 its name was changed to Shah Abad Qarb and after the Islamic Revolution in 1978, its name was changed to Islam Abad Qarb. In the Safavid period especially during the time of Shah Abbas this city flourished. Some parts of its townships like Mahidasht have a long historical antecedent. Mahidasht because of its good climate and pastures was the place for breeding horses and training of Parthian warriors. In the Safavid era, Shah Abbas Safavid constructed a caravansary there; and today Islam Abad Qarb is considered to be one of the flourishing townships of the province.Error processing SSI file

The township of Javan Rood is situated to the northwest of Kermanshah and from the north is limited to the Kurdestan Province. It has temperate climate. Javan Rood is located at a distance of 585 km. from Tehran. Hamdollah Mostowfi, a famous historian, has made special mention of the same with a pleasant climate, hunting grounds and vegetation as well as being an area of grain cultivation. In 1067 A.H. to the west of Javan Rood was the city of Zoor, to the south was Zahab of Kermanshah, to the east was Ravansar and to the north it was linked to Uoraman.
In the period of Shah Tahmasb Safavid, Safi Khan, the King of Gooran, Mir Zia Eddin, was its governor and constructed castles around it. In the Afshariyeh and Zandieh periods, Javan Rood came in the hand of their brother and offspring. In the Qajar era Amanollah Khan the governor gave over the rule of Jaf and Javan Rood to his son Mohammad Sadeq. After which, in the year 1320 A.H. it was ruled by one of the Beig-Zadegan, Rostam Beik Jaf. This city presently has expanded and flourished and also has a beautiful surroundings as well.Error processing SSI file

Kangavar is located to the east of the province and near the Province of Hamedan. The same has a temperate mountainous climate. It is one of the historical towns of the country due to the Anahita Temple. This city was flourishing till the Sassanid period, but after the Arab aggression on Iran, was destroyed. At present the relics of the Anahita Temple is within the city. This temple was built from stone and has sculptured stone columns. Arab historians and geographers after the 4th century A.H. have mentioned this region. Kangavar was reputed in the Islamic period and at present is reputed for its Anahita Temple (palace). The distance between Kangavar and Tehran is 616 km.Error processing SSI file

The city of Kermanshah is located in the center of the province and has a temperate climate. Kermanshah is one of the ancient cities of Iran and it is said that, Tahmores Divband, a mythical ruler of the Pishdadian had constructed it. Some attribute its constructions to Bahram Sassanid. During the reign of Qobad I and Anushirvan Sassanid, Kermanshah was at the peak of its glory. But in the Arab attack suffered great damage. Concurrent with the Afghan attack and the fall of Esfahan, Kermanshah was destroyed due to the Ottoman invasion. But from the beginning of the 11th century A.H. it began to flourish.
In order to prevent a probable aggression of the Zangeneh tribe and due to its proximity with Ottoman Empire, the Safavid ruler paid great attention to this city. But in the Zandieh period upheavals increased, whereas during the Qajar era, Ottoman attacks reduced. Mohammad Ali Mirza in 1221 A.H. was seated in Kermanshah in order to prevent Ottoman aggression, and Khuzestan also came under his realm. An epigraph of Mohammad Ali Mirza in Taq-e-Bostan has been remained as a relic.
In 1267 A.H. Imam Qoli Mirza was appointed by Naseredin Shah to protect the Kermanshah frontier. The former during his rule of 25 years constructed some buildings which have remained to be seen. In the Constitutional Movement this city played an important role and in World War I and II and was taken possession by foreign powers and after the war ended, the city was evacuated. As a result of the imposed Iraq war, this city sustained great losses and after the war vast efforts were taken to rehabilitate it. Kermanshah is the capital of the Kermanshah Province and is located at a distance of 526 km. from Tehran.Error processing SSI file

Paveh is located in the Oramanat Mountainous region and to the extreme northwest of the province. From the west it is limited to Iraq. Paveh has cold winters and temperate summers. The small mountainous city of Paveh is to the northwest of Kermanshah and located at a distance of 636 km. from Tehran. The name of Paveh is attributed to Paveh, one of the commanders of Yazdgerd III, who in order to seek the Kurd support settled in this region and was extremely respected by the people of this territory. The Dej and Pasgah forts which have remained since then are the relics of that era. The word Oramanat is derived from the word Uortan or Uorman and related to sacred Zoroastrian anthems.Error processing SSI file

Qasr-e-Shirin lies at a distance of 692 km. from Tehran, and is located to the northwest of Kermanshah. The climate of this city is warm and from this point of view it is distinctive from the other townships of the province. Qasr-e-Shirin is one of the ancient cities of Iran related to the Khosrow Parviz era. It was thriving during the Achaemenian period. Around the present city the ruins of the ancient Qasr-e-Shirin, has been remained together with a collection of demolished stone and walls. It is said that during the rule of Khosrow Parviz there was a large garden with beautiful palaces. Out of which the most famous were Khosrow and Shirin Palaces.
Qasr-e-Shirin till 1270 A.H. was a small town. But in the World War I became the border town for the German and Ottoman soldiers from one hand and for English and Russian soldiers on the other hand. During the Iran-Iraq war Qasr-e-Shirin was demolished, but after the conclusion of the war it was renovated. Now this city has expanded and has changed to attractive and large area.Error processing SSI file

Sahneh is located to the east of Kermanshah and has a mountainous and temperate climate. The region of Sahneh was a part of the province but in recent years has been changed to an independent township. The borders of this region are among the old and historical zones of this province and hold vestiges and monuments of the past periods. Sahneh is located en route of Kermanshah - Tehran Road and is at a distance of 586 km. from Tehran.Error processing SSI file

The township of Sar Pol-e-Zahab is located in the west of the province and is limited to Iraq from its western borders. Its climate is warm but in some parts temperate. This city is located at the distance of 665 km. from Tehran. Sar Pol-e-Zahab is near the ruins of the ancient city of Halvan and a ruined castle can be also seen near the same.
Sar Pol-e-Zahab was considered as a castle and frontier base of Iran, which was destroyed in the Arab invasion to Iran, and only some remnants of its brick laid pillars have remained. In historical books it has been mentioned as the center of Halvan state. The name of "Sar Pol" has been taken from a bridge on Alvandoo River and the suffix of "Zahab" was due to the abundance of springs and wetlands. This city with its natural attractions sustained losses in the imposed war but after the conclusion of the war it was renovated.Error processing SSI file

The township of Sonqor is located in the northeast of Kermanshah and has a mountainous and temperate climate. The same is at a distance of 612 km. from Tehran. The word Sonqor means a hunting bird. In the Saljuqi period the commanders of Sonqor were known as Aqa Sonqor. During the reign of Shah Esmail Safavieh II, Sonqor was under the rule of "Soulaq Hossain Taklou". During the reign of Shah Tahmasb I, a rule of Sonqor and Kalhor was established in this territory and was given to the Zangeneh tribal chiefs. In the Afshariyeh and Zandieh reigns the rule of Sonqor was given to the chiefs of the Kalyaie tribes and then after "Khosow Khan Ardalan", governor of Kurdestan was appointed as ruler of this city.
During the rule of Fathali Shah Qajar, his son Fathollah Mirza was appointed as a governor of Sonqor. This area was then merged with Kangavar, Malayer and Towiserkan and brought under the rule of Sheikhali Mirza, the son of Fathali Shah. At present Sonqor and Koliaee are attractive and beautiful regions of Kermanshah which are placed in a level and beautiful plain alongside a river, with beautiful gardens and groves surrounding it, thereby increasing its values regarding tourism.Error processing SSI file

In the vicinity of Sar Pol-e-Zahab, there is an Anubanini impression engraved in the breast of a rock. The same is alongside an inscription written in Akadi script and this relic is present even up to this date. The two embossments of this rock are related to 2800 years B.C., engraved in the breast of the a mountain reaching an elevation of 35 m. high., and it is attributed to Semitic monarch known as "Anubanini". The left foot of this impression has been put on a captive. Under this engraving the faces of 16 other captives under tragic conditions have been displayed.
An inscription revealing the victory of Anubanini can also be observed below the said effect.Error processing SSI file

To the east of the Miteridat embossment, on the same rock, is the engraving of one of his successors named as, Goodarz II (46-51 A.D.). This Impression depicts the victory of Goodarz II on his rival Mehrdad, and also shows the presence of two riders armed with spears. In the hand of an angel is a wreath of flowers, which is a sign of victory. Behind Goodarz, is the engraving of one of his relatives. An archaic Greek inscription has mentioned the names of these two monarchs. Today only the name of Goodarz can be noted, as the other parts of the said inscription has been demolished.Error processing SSI file

The primary scientific studies regarding the engravings and inscriptions of Bistoon were made in 1835, by Henry Rawlinson, a young British officer. After which this research was carried on by several scientists who added their discoveries to this historical treasure. The text of this inscription was engraved in the breast of the mountain in 522 B.C. by a decree from Dariush. The same relates to the war which lasted for two and a half years, between him and his opponents in order to gain power.
Encircling the Bistoon impression is an epigraph in three languages, named as, the ancient Parsi, Elamit and a Babylonian dialect. The Elamit text is to the right of the impression, the second to the left, running parallel to the Parsi text; whereas, the Babylonian text stands above that of the second Elamit inscription. Additional and complete translations can be observed in the surroundings and to the right.
The ancient Parsi (Persian) text is in 414 lines and engraved in a beautiful uniform script on a polished surface. In all the epigraphs of Dariush the Achaemenian begins with the phrase "King Dariush proclaims" and this is repeated throughout his decrees, emphasizing the grandeur and greatness of the power of this monarch. This sovereign owned his victory to Ahura Mazda and thus offered a religious effect to the epigraph to a great extent. This view can be noted and brought to light especially in the fourth column of the inscription.Error processing SSI file

The above mentioned is an embossment on a rock, and the main feature depicted here is that of Dariush (Darius). The monarch has a scalloped crown on the head, and his left foot rests on the chest of Geomat. Behind him are two bodyguards. Above the head of Dariush is the image of Farvahar in flight. Farvahar carries a circular band in the left hand, which is the sign of sovereignty. The same is offered as a token to Dariush. Facing Dariush are 90 rebels (of jurisdictions under the power of the sovereign).
These rebels have harnesses around the neck and their hands are tied. This epigraph of Dariush in the Bistoon mountains, alike others of the Achaemenian period, reveal the influence of the Babylonians and Assyrians art in the Achaemenian civilization.Error processing SSI file

The above mentioned is a crypt in the breast of a mountain, and is located 3 km. to the south east of Sar Pol-e-Zahab. This engraving reveals the face of a man, with a date leaf in his hands, probably in a state of worship. This crypt and its epigraph are related to the Medes.Error processing SSI file

To the south of the engraving of Dariush the Great, in the Bistoon Mountains, is a gigantic engraved rampart or wall, reputedly known as Faratash and Takht-e-Farhad by the inhabitants. It is said that the same was engraved by a decree issued by Khosrow Sassanid II approximately a millennium after the reign of Dariush. The inhabitants of this vicinity believe that the above mentioned engravings belong to Farhad (the sculpture or stone culture in this mountain).
This episode relates to a love story related to Shirin (the spouse of Khosrow Parviz) and Farhad. Needless to say, this theme is a pronounced one in many of the poems of the country. Nezami Ganjavi, the great poet being one of the prominent. The length of the Faratash rampart is 180 m. and it must be brought to attention that no where else in Iran or on its mountains, such a colossal engraving exists.Error processing SSI file

Alongside the Bistoon - Kermanshah Road is an embossment of a heroic figure leaning against a piece of lion skin. This embossment shows a completely naked and powerful man with curly hair and beard. He is leaning on his left side under the shelter of a tree. To its left hand side a cup is seen. In this impression, the right hand of the figure is placed on the right foot, whereas the left foot leans on the right one. The length of this statue is 147 cm. Behind the said statue, inscriptions and images can be observed in the ancient Latin or Greek script.
The same is very similar to that of the Grecian temples an impression alongside the inscription reveals a tree with a double pointed bow hanging on a branch, besides an archers sheath or quiver full of arrows also hanging from a branch of the tree. On the two sides of the platform on which the statue is located, a rampart of stone can be observed. The same is of non-sculptured stone and covered with gypsum.Error processing SSI file

Throughout Bistoon and its surroundings, wherever a sculptured stone or structure is present, scripts dating to the Sassanid era can be noted. Such as the 427 symbols engraved on stones in vicinities like the Safavid caravansary of Bistoon, the Safavid bridge on Dinvar Ab, the Khosravi Bridge on Garmasiab, the caravansary edifice of Bistoon and the engravings on the rocks scattered in various sections of Bistoon. These symbols are similar to that of households, names of certain personalities, on even workshops (foundries) who were responsible for these sculptured effects.Error processing SSI file

Under the Achaemenian inscription of Bistoon, is the archaic embossment of the Parthian that has come to light to date. The same is an engraving of 100 years B.C. The same has come to reveal that the Parthian ruler of the time selected the location of this impression in such a manner so as to make a distinct mark between the Parthian and the Achaemenian eras. As regards artistic measures, the said shows no sign of movement or technique, the latter is moreover primary. Those who are named in this inscription are recorded in the Latin or Greek script.Error processing SSI file

The "Taq-e-Bostan" (Bostan Arch) or "Taq-e-Vostan" (Vostan Arch) is situated to the right of the city entrance of Kermanshah, and is to the north east of this city. This aggregate which comprises of engravings and epigraphs is related to the Sassanid era. The same is located in the mountain, and together with the natural surroundings, a gorgeous landscape comes into view. On entering this area, the first epigraph is related to Ardeshir II. Ardeshir stands between Ahoura Mazda and Mitra. His face turned towards Ahoura Mazda, and his left hand receiving a wreath of friendship from Ahoura Mazda. Under their feet lies the enemy or "Ahriman".
After this epigraph there is a smaller arch, which depicts the figures of Shapour II and his son Shapour III. On top of each of these impressions the personalities of the epigraph have been introduced in Pahlavi Sassanid script. In the third section of this aggregate there are beautiful epigraphs throughout, revealing winged angels, the tree of life, boar hunting in the groves, duck hunting etc. together with a group of musicians bringing about a festive atmosphere.
Below the epigraph is an armed rider on a horse. Some believe this to be "Pirouz Sassanid", whilst others take this personality to be "Khosrow Parviz".Error processing SSI file

Small Bistoon inscriptions, no. 1 Bistoon inscription (related to primary Islamic centuries), no. 2 Bistoon inscription placed in the old caravansary of Bistoon (related to 3rd and 4th centuries A.H.), no. 3 Bistoon inscription on sculptured stones in old Bistoon caravansary's wall, a piece of limestone and a lion stone in Bistoon (related to the 2nd millennium B.C.), the Parthian Valgash Inscription on the skirts of the Bistoon Mountains (related to he Parthian era), an engraved platform a rock in Bistoon (of the Parthian age), an inscription pertaining to the endowments of Sheikh Ali Khan Zanganeh on Bistoon rock (related to Safavid era), and the Gerech Arch in Islam Abad Qarb (related to the Sassanid period).Error processing SSI file

The ruin of this Sassanid palace is located to the north of Qasr-e-Shirin, reputedly known as Housh Koori by the inhabitants. This palace was one of the great palaces in its lines and now lies in a state of ruin.Error processing SSI file

The ruins of a few Sassanid palaces and other relics which indicate the expansion of such Sassanid structures are remains in Qasr-e-Shirin. The aggregate of relics of such edifices, are currently reputedly known as the Khosravi edifice. Its construction goes back to Khosrow Parviz Sassanid era. This majestic palace has been built on a high platform and comprises of a three dimensional porch, with a large rectangular hall behind it. The palace aggregate is 370 m. in length and 190 m. in width and is located in an enclosed area which is currently in a state of ruins but expresses the grandeur of its past.Error processing SSI file

Near the city of Harsin there are the ruins of a Sassanid palace. This palace belongs to the era of Shapour Sassanid I. Inside the palace there is a fire-temple and an altar for sacrifice. The signs and elements of this structure show that Shapour Sassanid wished to leave this palace as a relic of his times. This palace which was once a majestic site and a recreational area for the king is currently in a form of a ruined hillock.Error processing SSI file

In Kangavar, on an elevated rocky platform, are the remnants of a majestic structure. The same belongs to the pre-Islamic era and was known as Anahita. The name of this temple is depicted from Anahita (Nahid) who was a deity and gaurd angel of water, abundance and blessing. Some believe that the structure dates back to the Parthian era, whilst upon this relic the evidences of this period and the early Islamic era can also be noted. According to scientific researches, the architectural characteristics of this temple have acquired inspiration from that of the Achaemenian age.
The main structure of the Anahita temple is a quadrilateral one. Its ramparts being 230 m. in length, and its thickness in most of the parts is 18 m. which reveals the archaic grandeur and magnificence of this structure. The stairway of the temple is bilateral and closely attached to the wall. The difference between the lowest and highest point of the structure is 30 m. and is in a form of steps, similar to the Achaemenian structures. At the foot of the eastern wall of the structure is a cemetery which is related to the Parthian era. It is noted that the deceased have been buried in such a way to face the Anahita structure.Error processing SSI file

The same is a historical monument of the Sassanid era in Qasr-e-Shirin. It was constructed of stone and gypsum and was counted as one of the largest fire temples of the Sassanid period. The fire temple has a square shaped chamber in the center with a domed ceiling, which closely resembles the other fire temples of the period. The width of the main opening of this fire temple is over 16m.Error processing SSI file

This large rectangular shaped crypt is a historical remnant in the city of Sonqor, from the times of the Meads. The outstanding features of the same are its impression and guide lines of Ahoura Mazda, which is a sun with wings displayed on the facade of the crypt.Error processing SSI file

To the north of the Dariush engraving in Bistoon, are the remnants of a structure from the Parthian period. The same is a temple or a worshiping site built during the Parthian period, coinciding with the construction of another relic in Bistoon. This Parthian temple which is situated opposite the slab of Parthian impressions comprises of two platforms. These platforms are connected to each other by 10 steps, which run irregularly right up to the Valgash inscription. On the upper platform is a sculptured brazier of stone. Evidences of earthenware of the Parthian era are noted in the surrounding skirts of the Bistoon Mountain.Error processing SSI file

The other fire temples of the province are as follows:
Kaikavoos rock tomb in north Sahneh, related to the Medes and the Medes platform in Bistoon related to the first millennium B.C.Error processing SSI file

This old castle is in the aggregate of historical monuments of Bistoon located en route from Biston to Sonqor, Koliaie and the Dinvar Ab river bed. The castle is mainly made of stone and gypsum, but abundant broken brick and earthenware pieces have been seen in the surroundings. The length of the structure is 94.5 m and is related to the Sassanid period. This castle needs an overall renovation.Error processing SSI file

The same is located in the Kandouleh Village, which is a suburb of the Dinvar distinct of the Sahneh Township. It is situated on a hill called "Lamehqaleh" in northeastern Kandouleh. Relics of the structure show that it has been constructed of stone, gypsum and mortar. It is said that Marvan, the Omavi caliph took refuge in this castle.Error processing SSI file

The Bezeh Roo castle is located at a distance of 50 km. to the north west of Sahneh amongst apple orchards. From the main castle (building), a row of rooms built with brick, gypsum and mortar can be noted in the southern side including a rampart of clay and stone in the northern side. Brick pieces and an abundant number of glazed earthenware are in the surroundings. The major portion of this earthenware is related to the Safavid era.Error processing SSI file

The grand building of the Sary Aslan Castle is located to the north of the city of Kangavar. The main materials used in its construction are, brick, clay and gypsum. The primary structure of the castle had an external large court yard and a building in the western side, an internal building in northern side, a bath in southern side, and a stable in the internal courtyard. The northern side building is single storied. In the external courtyard of castle there is a rectangular pool that with sculptured stone, have been brought up like a wall construction, higher than the courtyard. In the external courtyard of the castle, there are many bulky trees named as plane tree, mulberry and false acacia.Error processing SSI file

The other castles of the province are as follows:
Qela Hajir 18 km. north west of Sahneh, Yazdgerdi Castle 12 km. north west of Rijab -Yan Zardeh district of Kerend, Zardeh castle in north western Rijab, Shahin Castle in 18 km. of Qasr-e-Shirin - Kermanshah Road, the small Keh Castle in Kerend - Kermanshah Road, Maryam Castle on Sar Pol-e-Zahab Route, Manijeh Castle en route from Sar Pol-e-Zahab to Deyreh, Khamoosh Castle on the Kermanshah - Rijab - Kerend Road, Harsin Castle, and Jiyan castle in Islam Abad Qarb and Gabri Castle in Sar Pol-e-Zahab that are totally related to the Sassanid period.Error processing SSI file

This caravansary is located in Bistoon and has four porches. The same has been built by Sheikh Ali Khan Zanganeh. Its building is in a rectangular in form. In its rectangular courtyard there are 47 rooms for travelers. The caravansary has 4 circular towers in four corners and 14 rooms along the entrance. With respect to the type of material used for construction, the structure dates to the Safavid era. But in its foundation, carved stones of the Sassanid period can be noted. In Bistoon other caravansaries constructed on different plans can be also observed. These are related to the late Sassanid and early Islamic periods.Error processing SSI file

Along the old road of Bistoon to Takht-e-Shirin and Sarmaj there are gigantic bases of the famous Khosrow Bridge. The construction of the Khosrow Bridge is attributed to Shah Khosrow Sassanid. The Khosrow Bridge is the only bridge that the Arabs crossed, and after passing through Takht-e-Shirin and Sarmaj went Nahavand and defeated Yazdgerd III, the last of the Sassanid rulers in that city. The Khosrow Bridge with the passage of time, has sustained abundant losses, in such a manner that in Safavid period this bridge was unusable. For this reason, at that time another bridge was built on the Dinvar Ab River, about 1 km. beyond the former bridge.Error processing SSI file

To the north of the Koocheh Village, in the vicinity of Goodin Village of Kangavar is a brick bridge. This is a construction belonging to the Shah Abbas era, and lies in a west to east direction on the Ab Khoram. The same is 68.80 m. in length, the base of which, till the right of the arched openings is made of slabs of stone. The foundation of these base pillars are filled with cobbled stones in between these columns and covered with a brick layer. All the five openings of the bridge arches are worked in a zigzag fashion. Its northern opening, from the western direction runs in a zigzag style, whereas, from the eastern direction it is of a crescent shaped. On both ends of this bridge are embankments made of slabs of stone, mortar, clay and gypsum.Error processing SSI file

In the limits of Sar Pol-e-Zahab there are the relics of two caravansaries. The first is a four porch one constructed of brick and dating to the Safavid period. The second is on a different plan, made of stone and related to the Sassanid period.Error processing SSI file

The other caravansaries and old bridges are as follows: Islam Abad Qarb Caravansary, Mahidasht Caravansary in north east plain of Mahidasht, Nouji Veran Bridge in Najoran Chamchal village 24 km. west of Sahneh, the Rahan Brick Bridge 22 km. north west of Sahneh, the old bridge of Qareh Sou 50 km. of Kermanshah, Bistoon Bridge in Bistoon Village and Mahidasht Bridge in Kermanshah - Qasr-e-Shirin Road related to the Sassanid, Saljuqi and Safavid period.

The Behestan Mountains with a height of about 2,794 m. above sea level is located to the right of the of Kermanshah - Hamedan Road. This mountain in different periods was called by the names of Boqestan, Begestan and Bistoon, and today is known as Bistoon.
Bistoon is alongside the ancient Silk Road and is located at the crossing point of Iran's western roads. In this area of the Zagross slopes, there are abundant gushing springs, which have caused the area to flourishing and there is a resting point for the travelers and a location for caravans to stop. The Bistoon region due to its special importance in different ancient historical periods has evidences from various eras, right up to the Safavid period.Error processing SSI file

Near the Jooda hill towards the Borj Valley there is a rather tall hill with the remnants of an old castle. The surface of the hill was covered with pieces of plain and glazed earthenware which mostly belonged to the Sassanid and Parthian periods. Among the earthenware pieces green and blue colors are found in abundance. Presently, this is a vicinity completely leveled by the inhabitants.Error processing SSI file

In the down skirts of the Bistoon Mountains by the command of Mohammad Khodabandeh the Oljayto (703-716 A.H.) a town was built known as "Soltan Abad Chamchal" or "little Baqdad". This town was constructed by the Eilkhani sultans in order to be used as the center of Kurdestan instead of "Bahar". In Bistoon excavations in Gamasiyab River banks, on a wall from Sassanid period, relics of the Ilkhanan period have been discovered. These are probably the remainders of the city reputedly known as Chamchal.
The Mongol relics in Bistoon, includes a large structure which pertains a high value of importance from the architectural point of view, related to the Eilkhanian period. This building has 13 rooms, 3 porches and a few corridors. The main construction materials of the building are gypsum, mortar and limestone. In some parts of the building sculptured stones of the Sassanid period have been used. This Eilkhani structure was utilized till the late Teimoorid period, but in later periods it became deserted and ruined.Error processing SSI file

In the north of Kangavar there are the remnants of some ancient hills, the most famous of which is called the "Jooda hill". According to the inhabitants, in the past there used to be a Jewish cemetery at this site, thus the name. This relatively large and elongated hill is placed near a smaller and low-lying hill around which various broken pieces of glazed earthenware have been found.Error processing SSI file

In southeastern Sahneh at a distance of 2 km., there are two ancient hills. The larger hill is known as Qoorbaqeh (Frog) Hill. The second hill is smaller and is situated on the eastern side of the former. Its surface and surroundings are covered with plain and designed earthenware. Its designed earthenware are compatible to those discovered in third Geyan hillock, the third Goudin hillock, and the ancient civilization of Saqez Abad in the Qazvin plain.Error processing SSI file

Near the Rostam Abad Village dwellings, 13 km. northeast of Kangavar, a large ancient hill is located. From its tombs, pre-historic vestiges have been discovered which are similar to those pre-historic vestiges of Nahavand. This vicinity is related to the beginning of the second millennium B.C. In the beginning of first millennium B.C., the Kasi Tribe gained dominance here and it is the first time that relics of this period have been discovered in its surroundings. In recent years a considerable amount of bronze objects have been discovered in the region just by accident.Error processing SSI file

Other ancient areas of the province includes: the ancient Sassanid road in Bistoon area; the ancient city of Kambadneh between the Taq-e-Bostan and Kermanshah city; the Mambeh-e-Ab Hill in north west Kangavar; the Shalmaran hill 2 km. west of Kangavar; and Goudin Hill northwest of the Goudin Village from the distinct of central Kangavar which are related to the pre- Islamic and early Islamic eras.Error processing SSI file

One of the noticeable and important buildings of Kermanshah is its large and ancient market (bazaar), and its primary structure is related to the Qajar period. This bazaar is adorned in a splendor style. The goods available here are: local colored apparel, handicrafts like: Giveh (a local foot-ware), shoes, carpet, Gelim, wooden kitchenware, leather and felt and hand-woven articles.Error processing SSI file

One of the ancient baths of Kangavar, is the Bozorg or big bath in the Sarjoob vicinity. The entrance door of bath faces the south. From the door 8 steps lead to a rectangular area. The arched ceiling of the stairs is in a zigzag style. This area leads to a Sarbineh (or a type of cloak room).
The “sarbineh” is a quadrilateral area with four cylindrical monolithic stone pillars. On the pillars and walls zigzag arches can be noted and in this manner, 9 arches have formed in the cloak room ceiling. In the middle of the same there is an octagonal pool. The Hot-house is a large quadrilateral area with four integrated stone pillars alike those of the cloak room. The pillars and walls are adorned with zigzag arches. The dome is in the center. This bath has both architectural and tourism values.Error processing SSI file

This old bath is located in the Pachaman locality of Sahneh city. The entrance door of the bath faces south west and opens to a “sarbineh” or cloak room. The structure of which is octagonal. Here there are four large platforms with 4 smaller platforms to the south west of the entrance to the cloak room. In the middle of the cloak room is a stone pond. The structure is constructed of brick, gypsum mortar with sculptured and stone slabs. A part of the walls of the bath and flooring has been repaired and renovated.Error processing SSI file

This mosque is located in the Javanshir Square of Kermanshah and dates back to the Qajar period and was built by Mohammad Ali Mirza Dowlatshah in the years 1221-1237 A.H. In recent years this mosque has been repaired, comprising of separate nocturnal areas for men and ladies along with a courtyard. This mosque is known as Haj Abu Torab Mosque and its name is revealed on the inscription on the facade of the mosque.Error processing SSI file

This mosque is located in Kermanshah and is a relic from the Qajar period. The primary building of the Emadoddoleh Mosque was constructed in 1285 A.H. This building which has been renovated in subsequent periods is used as a school of religious sciences. The Emadoddoleh mosque has four porches, a portal, courtyard, nocturnal area with columns and various chambers.
On the tile work of the porch there is an inscription with the name of Naseredin Shah, the founder, and the date of construction, i.e., 1285 A.H. In the eastern porch of the courtyard is a wooden shelter. The entrance of mosque is through this eastern porch and is connected by a large wooden door to the goldsmith sector of the bazaar. According to narrations, the wooden door has been transferred from the sepulcher of Imam Ali to this mosque. The same is a remnant from the Safavid era.Error processing SSI file

The main building of this mosque was destroyed completely in the earthquake of 1957. A new mosque has been built on its site. Alike the former, the new building is also rectangular in shape, but increased in length. In the present structure, the nocturnal area has been added to the northern side with a porch alongside. A marble slab in the anteroom reveals an endowment deed related to the Kangavar School dating back to 1243 A.H.Error processing SSI file

This mosque is placed in Kermanshah city and is a relic from the late Zandieh period which in 1196 A.H. was constructed apparently at the site of the former mosque by Alikhan Zanganeh, the governor of Kermanshah. What has remained from the mosque old building, is part of the pillared nocturnal area and the octagonal vestibule. The present nocturnal area, with the exception of the altar, has no special adornments. In the southwest corner of the building, are stairs which have been built for gaining access to the top floor that was perhaps used to be a part of a school.
At the beginning and to the right hand side of the entrance, there are three inscriptions dating 1200 A.H. The same is relevant to matters concerning the purchase, sale and endowments of the said mosque.Error processing SSI file

The mourning place and Hossainieh of Moavenol Molk comprises of 3 buildings such as the Abbasiyeh, Hossainiyeh and Zeinabiyeh, located in the city center of Kermanshah. The Tekiyeh has 2 courtyards and a building in the center. The Hossainiyeh walls are covered and adorned with beautiful multi colored tiles. Portraits of great personalities of the times have been painted by delicate paint brushes and attractive colors on the tiles. The subject of some of these tile works are related to the historical and mythological episodes besides religious traditions such as: Prophet Soleiman, the Karbala and Ashoura events, and tales of Rostam and Sohrab.Error processing SSI file

The said structure is related to the 13th century A.H. and lacks a courtyard. This mosque has a rectangular-shaped nocturnal area and its wooden leveled covering rests on 15 wooden columns. Its adythum was in the southern side of the mosque. The building material of the mosque is of slate, clay and mortar. Besides the Jame' Mosque, there is another mosque that is used in winters. It has a very old wooden door with an inscription in the Cuneiform script.Error processing SSI file

The Imamzadeh Kangavar Mosque in the Gachkan vicinity, Haj Shahbaz Khan Mosque in Kermanshah, Mo'tamed Mosque in Kermanshah (Qajar era), Rijab Mosque in Islam Abad Qarb, a structure related to the early Islamic or the Sassanid period. The Shahzadeh Mosque in Kermanshah related to the Qajar period and the Feiz Abad Mosque in Kermanshah related to the Zandieh and Qajar periods.Error processing SSI file

This mausoleum is located in the Rijab Village a district of Kerend of Islam Abad Qarb. Its structure is related to the Saljuqi period. It is believed that the person buried here was "Sammak Ben Khoosheh" from the Ous tribe and a close relative of Sa'd Ebne Ebadeh. The said has shown chivalry and courage in the Badr, Ohod and other wars at the time of the Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H.).Error processing SSI file

The structure of Imamzadeh is located in the Goudin Village of the central district of Kangavar. This brick made building externally has a quadrilateral plan but internally is octagonal. The octagonal side walls are large and small alternately. On the structure is erected a circular dome made of gypsum and brick. On the tombstone is a simple wooden chest. To the western side of the mausoleum is a small ancient mosque. Within the courtyard of the mausoleum and around it is an archaic graveyard.Error processing SSI file

To the south of the Baktar Village 30 km. north west of Sahneh upon a hill there is a structure made of stone and clay that comprises of two main parts: the first part is called Jam' Khaneh. This is a rectangular-shaped building with a short door. The second part is the main square structure of the mausoleum with a shaft-like ceiling. There is a rectangular elevation in the center of the mausoleum on which is the tombstone with the Cuneiform script. Due to the passage of time, much of the engravings have been demolished and eroded. Surrounding the tomb and Jam' Khaneh there is a large cemetery.Error processing SSI file

The same is located in the Dinvar Village (district of Sahneh). The mausoleum is quadrilateral. On the fringes of the tombstone sacred verses from the Holy Qoran have adorned the same. There is a latticed work wooden sculpture on the tomb. The local inhabitants believe this to be the tomb of Imamzadeh Mahmood, the offspring of Imam Moosa Kazem (P.B.U.H.). The Imamzadeh is to the west of a Kufi cemetery known as Sheer Khan. Here there are tombstones adorned with the Cuneiform and Naskh scripts. These engravings reveal the superior category of cultural effects of the times. Some of these tombstones date back to the 6th century A.H.Error processing SSI file

The said is located in the Fash Village of Kangavar. It comprises of a mausoleum, porch and an anteroom. The mausoleum is made of brick and is quadrilateral in shape. Internally, the plan is circular with a short round dome. A tombstone with the 'Kufic' script and simple wooden sepulcher is present. The personality buried here is said to be the son of Imam Jafar Sadeq (P.B.U.H.). Alongside this mausoleum is an ancient "Kufi Fash" cemetery whose tombstones date back to the years 1099 and 1039 A.H.
One of the noticeable tombstones of the cemetery has an engraving of a star in the center and two octagonal pointed stars alongside, with the 'Kufic' script adorned with floral designs placed in the center of the stars. It is considered as one of the most beautiful and interesting samples of Kufic adornments. This magnificent piece of art is now in the museum.Error processing SSI file

Other pilgrimage sites and Imamzadeh of the province are: Imamzadeh Abbas Ali in Dinvar of Sahneh township, pilgrimage site of Takht-e-Teimoor in north Sahneh, Imamzadeh Pirketan in Mahmood Abad Village 12 km. north west of Sahneh, Noor Bakhsh Mausoleum in Kondouleh Village -Sahneh, Imamzadeh Seyed Jalaleddin in Kamas village 6 km. north of Kondouleh, Imamzadeh Khalilollah en route to Chamsar Village in the township of Harsin, Ovaisol Qoran Mausoleum in Kermanshah related to the Saljuqi era, Baba Yadegar Mausoleum in the Ban Zareh Village Kermanshah related to the 10th century A.H. The Imam Hassan Mojtaba Mausoleum in Kermashah and the Ahmad Essaq Mausoleum in Sar Pol-e-Zahab.Error processing SSI file

In between the mountains of Kermanshah there are narrow and wide plains formed by the accumulation of alluvium materials. The most important of them are: The plain among the Alvand heights and the Bid Sorkh Sahneh Mountains that is about 55 km. in width and its southern areas are open and leveled. This fertile plain especially in spring and summer is very attractive. The plain among Sahneh and Kermanshah begins from heights at the base of Bid Sorkh and terminates in the Na'lshekan heights. In the north of which are located the Poraw and Shahoo heights. In this fertile plain abundant water is present. The Mahidasht plain is about 25 km. in width and from the two sides is open completely. This plain with its abundant water and fertile soil forms the main farming areas of Kermanshah.
The Islam Abad Qarb plain is limited to the east by the Dalahoo and Farah heights. The slopes surrounding these heights and parts of this plain are planted with trees and have fertile soil. The plain among the Pataq and Khosravy heights (on Iran - Iraq border) is 20 to 70 km. in width. Its height from sea level is low and is counted as a part of the tropical western region.
Other plains of the province are: The Sahneh and Bistoon, Dinvar and Sanjabi Plains, the Farseenj and Sonqor Plains, Zahab and Sar Qaleh Plains and also Gilan Qarb and Soomar, and the Deyreh Plains.Error processing SSI file

The Ab Jalan River flows from the Azgaleh Village of the Javan Rood Township. The length of this river is 30 km. This river originates from the western slopes of the Molachieh Mountains (53 km. southwest of Paveh), and flows to the northwest and combines with Lima River in northeast of Tovoshkeh Village. In southern slopes of the Gereh Mountains, it irrigates the Kal Sefid village and while passing the Jagiran area, it adjoins a southern tributary, and through the eastern valley of Salman Dareh mountain, flows towards the north. After irrigating the Taq Taq Village in the eastern slope of the Salmaneh Mountains it combines with the Abdalan River and changes into the Havasan Ab.Error processing SSI file

The Jagiran River is within the limits of the townships of Sar Pol-e-Zahab. This river is 67 km. in length and originates from the western slopes of the Molachieh and Shahan Mountains in the Posht Tang village (24 km. of north east of Qasr-e-Shirin), and feeds from tributaries like the Ab Talan. This river after irrigating various villages and adjoining different rivers, 5 km. northeast of Qasr-e-Shirin enters the Iran-Iraq border, and within a distance of 11 km. northwest of Qasr-e-Shirin from the border, flows into Iraq, and in the west of the Sangar Jour Village flows into the Tigris River.Error processing SSI file

The Kangakoosh River is within the limits of Naft Shahr and Qasr-e-Shirin and flows up to Iran - Iraq border. It is 60 km. in length. This river originates from watersheds of the Bandmian and Darblouie Mountains (7 km. southwest of Gilan Qarb), after passing the Vijnan Village, it enters Naft Shahr. In this region it changes its course and runs southwest. After passing Naft Shahr, it goes west and enters the Iran - Iraq border. In this area it adjoins the Koneh Kabood River and flows as a frontier river till 8.5 km. southwest of Naft Shahr and then enters into Iraq and dispenses in the Mendeli plain.Error processing SSI file

The Sarab Kangavar River is 40 km. in length and takes its source from eastern slopes of the Amrouleh Mountains which is at a 75 km. distance northeast of Kermanshah. After passing the Hezar Khan Sarab, Khoram Abad Villages and… adjoins several tributaries from west Kangavar, forming the Khoram Rood River. The same after passing various villages joins the Qarah Chay and Gamasiyab Rivers. The surroundings of this river have recreational values.Error processing SSI file

The Zamkan River is in the limits of Paveh and Islam Abad Qarb. The length of this river is 160 km. and originates from the southern slopes of the Shahan Mountains 62 km. north west of Islam Abad. This river passes through various villages and after adjoining with other rivers enters Paveh. In this part while joining other tributaries, irrigates some of the villages and after adjoining the Gordi Qaseman River (43 km. west of Paveh) enters the Iran-Iraq border. The Zamkan River is at a distance of 39 km. northwest of Paveh, and flows into the Darbandjan Dam Lake.Error processing SSI file

This cave is situated to the north west of the Poraw Mountain in a gorge called Tang Kouh, 22 km. of the Kermanshah - Sanandaj Road. The Asangaran Cave has 4 wells to the depths of 4, 8, 16 and 36 m. Its third and fourth wells are interconnected. At the end of the cave, there is a pool-like area. This cave is one of the beautiful caves of Iran and the province.Error processing SSI file

This cave is among the famous caves of Kermanshah. It is located on Shahoo Mountains in the serene scenic valley, north of the outskirts of the Javan Rood. The cave opening is located at a height of 1660 m. above the sea level and forms an area with a steep incline. At the end of this large area, the main branch of cave begins with smaller openings. From left side of the main branch, a small stream falls into the stone depths. In this part, the cave divides into two branches. The left branch is no more than 8 m. in depth but the right branch has a large underground water reservoir. After passing this swamp there are others that are 60 m. in length and its ceiling touches the ground.Error processing SSI file

This cave is located in the Poraw Mountain (Zagross Mountain Range), to the north of this province. The Poraw Cave is the largest calcareous cave in the world and its structure is related to the third period of geology. Inside the cave there are 26 wells in various depths ranging between 5 to 42 m. The cave opening is a small hole which terminates to small and big areas with various branches and large stones, between which crevices and precipices have been formed. In the month of December, the cave is covered by stalactites and stalagmites which create special beauty. Appropriate security measures and gear are required for descending into the said cave.Error processing SSI file

Among the oak forests of Paveh at a distance of 90 km. from Kermanshah exists the Qoori Qaleh Cave which is considered the largest cave with water in Asia. This cave begins in the Qoori Qaleh Village and according to people continues till Iraq. In 1989, a group of mountaineer of the mountain Climbing Institute of the province succeeded in discovering the internal portion of the cave and its various halls. This group in addition to gaining access to the depth of the cave discovered about 12 dark and meandering paths and mapped them.
The Qoori Qaleh Cave is about 3,140 m. in length. In this cave a rare species of bats has been seen. Some articles related to a relic of an ancient Sassanid castle nearby have been discovered. a variation of colors and oblique pillars and waterfalls are unique characteristics of the Qoori Qaleh Cave.Error processing SSI file

Other caves include:
The Tayounehnav Cave in the Badreh region of Kermanshah, the Roteil Cave on the Kermanshah - Kerend and Rijab Route.Error processing SSI file

The Kermanshah Province is located in a mountainous area and includes the great mountain ranges of the Zagross. In some parts of the vast lower slopes of this highland, wide valleys, low lying lands and alluvium plains have been formed which are considered important from the recreational area point of view. The most important mountains are as follows:

The Chal Abad Mountains are located 50 km. northwest of Kermanshah. The same reach an elevation of 2,444 m. This mountain along with others such as, Vellari, Hashlan, Khurir, Hool Hool, and Khaqaneh form a small elevated area. The highest summit of the region is Khurir, with an altitude of 2,550 m. The Qaiyreneh River flows from the eastern slopes of this mountainous area, and then diverts northwards between the elevated regions of Poraw and Chal Abad. The Ravansar River is also within the western limits of this zone, and the tributaries of this region flow into the two above mentioned rivers, forming a small lake in the southern skirts known as the Sholeh Wetland.Error processing SSI file

The Dalakhani Mountain is located 10 km. south of Sonqor and is about 3,350 m. high. The Dinvar and Kangar Shah Rivers originate here. This mountain is one of the highest mountains of the Zagross, and is linked to the Souvil Mountains from the south.Error processing SSI file

The Lojar Mountain is located 33 km. north east of Sonqor and is 2,831 m. in height. The Gavrood River originates here. This mountain is connected from north to Sinavand and from southwest to Sheitan Bazar.Error processing SSI file

The mountainous region of Poraw in the northeast of Kermanshah has an area of about 1,020 sq. km. It consists of various mountains such as Taq Bostan , Bistoon Poraw (3,257 m), Kamar Kabood peak (2,916 m) of the Chaleh Zand Mountains. The most important and deep cave of the Middle East to the depth 572 m. known as Poraw is located on southern slopes of Qateh Charmi summit. The Houjir Mountain is located to the east of the Poraw highland and the Denvar River Valley separates it from this region, and creates a smaller high land.Error processing SSI file

The other important mountains of the Kermanshah Province are the Dallahoo and Shahoo Mountains.Error processing SSI file

This spring is a famous spring of Kangavar that originates from the hill slopes in the north of Kangavar. This spring irrigates the Abdol spring sector. The Imam Allah Khan Aslani castle is fed from the branches of this spring.Error processing SSI file

The Niloofar Sarab (wetland) is located 30 km. northwest of Kermanshah and in the Kermanshah - Kouzran Road. This wetland has a large pool covered with lotus flowers. The same is a recreational area, besides which fishing is also possible here.Error processing SSI file

The Saifoor spring is located 2 km. northeast of Kangavar and is surrounded with greenery. Due to its surroundings it provides a recreational area for local inhabitants and visitors.Error processing SSI file

Other wetlands of province are: Yavari Wetland in the Kermanshah - Ravansar Road, Naji Veran 15 km. of Sonqor - Bistoon Road, Taq Bostan Wetland north of Kermanshah in the mountain slopes of Taq Bostan. Khezr Zendeh and Khezr Elias Wetlands 34 km. northwest of Kermanshah and in 18 km. of Sanandaj - Kermanshah Road, Qanbar Wetland in the south of Kermanshah that provides the water supply for parts of the city, and the Harsin and Sahneh Wetlands.Error processing SSI file

In the past, Kermanshah was one of the important wildlife zones of Iran. Engravings of the Taq-e-Bostan margin show the aspects of this hunting ground. In the groves and highlands of the province, various types of birds both migratory and endemic are seen. The most important of the endemic birds are: partridge, dull yellow partridge, turtle dove, and dove. The most important of migrant birds are, duck and goose that are mainly seen in winter. Due to intensive hunting in this region, other species of birds are decreasing in number such as the rare species of bustard. Wild animals namely are the, leopard, bear, wild goat, wolf, jackal, fox, bore and bear. The most important of these hunting grounds are; Sahneh, Kenar Gamasiyab, Bortaj, Alvand and AbgarmError processing SSI file

The said aggregate in one of the religious and historical structures of the Qajar period granted to the then Ministry of Culture by the family of Moavenol Molk. A major portion of this edifice has undergone repairs by the cultural Heritage Organization with impressions or portraits of clergies and mystics. It comprises of three sections named as Hosseinieh, Zeinabieh and Abbasieh. The Abbasieh section with tile-work walls, adorned with paintings of scientists, mystics, poets and kings comprises of two floors. The second floor is devoted to the anthropology museum. The first floor is the archaeological section of the museum.Error processing SSI file

Bistoon is a part of the Harsin Township and comprises of two villages named as "Chamchal" and "Shinez". Bistoon the center of the Chamchal Village is located in a mountainous area. The Dinvar River takes its source from four branches originating from the northern heights of Sahneh, Sonqor, Kandooleh and Sartakht Villages and passes along the village. The Bistoon Mountain and Bistoon Cave are situated to the west of the village. Its climate is temperate and semi-dry. The river, mountain, vegetation and wildlife are counted as one of the natural and main elements of the Bistoon zone.
Bistoon is one of the historical and ancient centers of the province. Historical relics and monuments of this village include the Achaemenian and Parthian drawings and inscriptions, the Safavid bridge, the Parthian arch, the stony statue of Hercules and the Shah Abbas caravansary. In this village, there is a place of pilgrimage known as Imamzadeh Baqer, which is highly respected by the inhabitants. In respect to the historical effects, the Bistoon area is evaluated as five star region of tourism.Error processing SSI file

The Mahidasht sector which is the district of Kermanshah has two villages called Mahidasht and Chaqa Narges. The Shahr-e-Robat Village is the center of Mahidasht and is among rural areas with historical relics situated on a plain with the Merek River passing alongside 24 km. southwest of Kermanshah. This village has a temperate and semi-dry climate. The Robat village in addition to natural beauties of the Merek River, due to vegetation, and a wildlife area in respect to rare species of birds, is considered important. The Shah Abbas caravansary, Mahidasht Robat, the old bridge, a mosque and two pilgrimage sites can be observed in this area, there are considered as a tourist spot in this province.Error processing SSI file

Ravansar is a district of Javan Rood and is located 22 km. southeast of it. It comprises of 3 villages, named as Hassan Abad, Badr and Dowlat Abad. These villages are the foothills have a temperate and semi- humid climate. The Ravansar and Garab Rivers cross the south and southwestern part of this area. The Houl Avar Mountains are in the north and Mahzand is in south east of Ravansar.
The presence of rivers, wetlands, mountains, vegetation and wildlife are among the natural and noticeable elements of this zone. Two mosques besides places of pilgrimage such as "Oveis Qarani", "Sheikh Rasool", "Sheikh Nasra" and "Baba Jeiran" have doubled the attractive of this area. Historical relics such as embossed drawings and crypts related to the Sassanid period placed near a cemetery within the mountain with unique and interesting carvings are considered as the other important monuments of this region.Error processing SSI file

Kermanshah since long has been one of the most famous handicrafts centers of Iran. The most important handicrafts and gifts of the province that mainly are produced by the villagers and tribes are:
Carpet, Gelim, Jajims or a loosely woven material, Kitchen implements, traditional kitchenware and wooden articles, Giveh (local shoes), metal engraving, glassware, felt and leather products, and its famous sweets mainly Kak.Error processing SSI file

In urban and rural areas and among the tribes of Kermanshah different types of local food can be seen. Out of which we can point out soups, side dishes, broth and different breads, different kinds of Aash, Koofteh Berenji, Khamkoo, Shami Kabab, Shirdaq, Shiriej, Kashkak, Halim Goosht, Qormeh, etc.Error processing SSI file

Kurdish music at first was epic and heroic. Verse-readers who were the most ancient Kurdestan composers were often illiterate. However, since earlier centuries up until today, heroic stories have been converted to poems and compositions accompanied the melodies of the kettle drum and trumpet. Later on, melodies, tunes and heroic tunes entered Kurdish music: The types of Kurdish instruments in Kermanshah are as follows:
Kettle drum and trumpet: These are usually used in wedding and mourning ceremonies. The sound of these instruments either conducts the singers or plays mourning of tunes in "Chamry" ceremonies. Generally, players are gypsies who are reputed as Qarahchi and Kharrat.
The Drum, tambourine, Shemshal: These are played by gypsies and used in heroic, epic and mystical ceremonies. Today, there is at least one group of traditional musicians in every Kurdish village. The players and singers of the area perform to obtain a spiritual affect only. An instrument similar to a guitar is also considered sacred. This is generally played in the foothills of the Zagross. Kordish dances are rhythmic, forming a unity in all body movements. In most of the Kurdish dances the dancers hold hands, taking steps in one direction, similar to militia. The famous Kord dances are as follows: Geryaneh, Broodova, Chapi, Separseh, Jar, Sehpa and Fatah Pashaii.Error processing SSI file